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Efraim Racker : ウィキペディア英語版
Efraim Racker

Efraim Racker (June 28, 1913 – September 9, 1991) was an Austrian biochemist who was responsible for identifying and purifying Factor 1 (F1), the first part of the ATP synthase enzyme to be characterised. F1 is only a part of a larger ATP synthase complex known as Complex V. It is a peripheral membrane protein attached to component Fo, which is integral to the membrane.〔Cox, Michael M. and David L. Nelson. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 4th Edition. New York: WH Freeman and Company. 2005〕

== Early life ==
Efraim Racker was born to a Jewish family in 1913 in Neu Sandez, Poland (then Austrian Galicia), but he grew up in Vienna. His elder brother, Heinrich Racker, was to become a famous psychoanalyst. Efraim Racker was studying medicine at the University of Vienna when Hitler invaded in 1938. Racker fled to Great Britain, where he took a job in a mental hospital in Wales. His research focused on the biochemical causes for mental diseases. During the war, Racker was given the opportunity to practice medicine, but he decided to move to the United States to continue his research.〔Kresge, Nicole, Robert D. Simoni and Robert L. Hill. "Unraveling the Enzymology of Oxidative Phosphorylation: The Work of Efraim Racker". Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol. 281, Issue 4. January 27, 2006. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/281/4/e4〕

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